WebQuests and Evil

"April is the cruelest month", said T. S. Eliot in The Waste Land. He was probably anticipating this month's session on WebQuests which focus on some of the darker events in human history. The Holocaust, Slavery, Kosovo... these and other events have been the topic of WebQuests developed in the last few years. Since the WebQuest format engages students deeply, how do you handle the anger and sadness that these subjects evoke? What tasks can we design that help the next generation to avoid the same mistakes? Join us for a serious tour and conversation.

TappedIn Transcript - April 27, 2000

Started recording in After School Online Room (#1460)[TappedIn] at Thu Apr 27 17:00:04 2000 PDT.

Judi-2 [to Bernie]: "shall we get started then?"

ShayneR has arrived.

BernieD says, "yup."

Judi-2 holds up a BIG sign: Let's get started in a sec....

Judi-2 says, "first...."

Judi-2 says, "cause there is a big group of us.... we should whisper to each other side comments...."

CharmonaW [to Elizabeth,]: "we just learned about a website, I will send it to you."

Judi-2 says, "type whisper person to whisper to them.... e.g., if you want to whisper to me type whisper Judi (make sure you type their whole name"

Marcia [guest] arrives from nowhere.

Judi-2 says, "second.... we will use web projections"

Judi-2 says, "we'll warn you again before we do that... (right Bernie?)"

BernieD says, "we will warn."

Judi-2 smiles

Judi-2 [to Bernie]: "want to take it away?... We're sooo honored to have Bernie Dodge with us!"

Judi-2 smiles

julie [guest] arrives from nowhere.

Sandy [guest] has arrived.

BernieD says, "Well thanks, Judi. This seems to be like a TV show in some ways."

Judi-2 does her best impression of an announcer...

BernieD exclaims, "A lot depends on the show in the timeslot before you. Looks like the 4PM session brought us a big carryover. Welcome, all!"

BernieD asks, "Shall we start with intros?"

BernieD projects AboutB.

I'm Bernie Dodge and I'm a professor at San Diego State University in the Department of Educational Technology. I've been working with teachers since the days of Apple II's, and I love my job more than ever now that the Web is available to us as a resource.

The the last three years I've been involved with San Diego Unified School District's two Challenge Grants (which are heavily about WebQuests). More recently I've started work on a Preparing Tomorrow's Teachers to Use Technology grant in which we'll be reinventing the way student teachers learn about computers.

BernieD asks, "Judi?"

CynthiaM says, "I am Cynthia Matzat, a former English teacher now working as an Instructional Specialist for the eMINTS program in Missouri. I brought the teachers in my area to check out Tapped In and meet with Bernie."

BernieD exclaims, "Hi Missourians!"

MarciaD [guest] says, "Hi, from Missouri"

julie [guest] says, "I'm Julie Frye. I am a 4th grade eMINTS teacher from SW Missouri."

KerryW [guest] says, "I am Kerry Welch and am one of the eMINTS teachers from Southwest Missouri."

julie [guest] says, "Hi BernieD"

Chip [guest] says, "Hi Bernie! I am Chip and I am with CynthiaM."

DebbieB has arrived.

MarcaB [guest] says, "I'm Marca Boutte a fourth grade teacher in Cynthia's cluster. This is really cool!""

Debbie B's Recorder (recording) has arrived.

Marcia [guest] says, "I'm Marcia Sullivan from Nixa, MO 3rd grade, with the eMINTS program."

Janna [guest] exclaims, "Hi BernieD!"

CharmonaW says, "I am Charmona Whitfied, History teacher in Fairfax County Va and I am working a Masters in Instuctional Tech."

ElizabethMR says, "I am Elizabeth Riddle and I have been a computer lab teacher for second through fifth graders in Alexandria, Va for the last three years. This summer I am starting a new job as a technology coordinator for a new school.

Instead of teaching children, as I have for the last 5 years, I will be focusing on assisting teachers incorporate technology into their curriculum, as well as maintaining the network, hardware, and software. I am also working on my doctorate at George Mason University in Fairfax, Va.. I am specializing in instructional technology with an interest in professional development."

Sandy [guest] says, "I'm Sandy one of the eMINTS teachers from Missouri."

BernieD says, "Charmona and Elizabeth... please send my regards to Chris Dede."

ShayneR says, "I'm Shayne Russell, a library media specialist working with 5th and 6th graders in New Jersey... and a "graduate" of Bernie's online Teaching With WebQuests class."

ElizabethMR nods

CharmonaW asks, "does everyone know Chris?"

Judi-2 smiles

Judi-2 . o O ( many of us do. )

BernieD says, "Hiya Shayne... (she's one of the best!)"

SharonPJ says, "hi, I'm Sharon Johnston, Curriculum Specialist with the Florida High School."

Tracy [guest] says, "Hi Mr. Dodge. I am Tracy Copening. I am one of the eMINTZ teachers from Missouri.""

ScottyA says, "I am Scotty Auble, Education Technology Coordinator for Alpine county USD in California. I am currently working on my masters in ed tech at CSUS with larry hannah, bruce mcvickers and mike menchaka. I have heard a lot abourt Bernie and WebQuests and have visited his WebQuest site. Want to start using them with my comp. sci. students and others in the district. Came to chek out state of the art."

Kara [guest] exclaims, "Good evening BernieD, Kara Carr from Southwest Missouri following CynthiaM through the eMINTS program. What a blast!"

Rhonda [guest] exclaims, "I'm Rhonda Glaser, an eMINTS teacher in Nixa, Missouri. We're all here with Cindy. Hi Bernie!"

Judi-2 asks, "did we get everyone?"

Judi-2 says, "speak now or forever hold your peace..."

Judi-2 does her impression of a minister at a wedding

Judi-2 [to Bernie]: "want to get us rolling?"

BernieD says, "OK... what a crowd! Good to see you all here."

BernieD says, "Tonight's a special topic night. Here it is:"

BernieD projects April0.

SharonPJ gets Personal_Recorder_33176 from the vending machine.

MarciaE [guest] has arrived.

BernieD says, "Pretty heavy stuff, especially for all you 3-4th grade teachers in MO."

ScottyA . o O ( heavy for ANYONE )

Judi-2 nods

BernieD says, "Let me start by asking you all, before we go hopping off to web sites, about how you deal with topics like these in class."

BernieD asks, "Do you avoid them? Simplify them? Leave things out? Use them to raise interest?"

BernieD says, "Step right up, anyone."

CharmonaW says, "we are actually do a webquest of sorts on the Holocaust tomorrow and I have tried to prepare them for the pain and graphicness of the topic as best as possible."

MarciaD [guest] says, "we must simplify them in fourth grade."

BernieD asks, "How do you prepare them? And what grade?"

DeborahKM has arrived.

ScottyA says, "well, I would want the students to have a chance to express their feelings. Maybe write a poem or story, or enact a play."

CharmonaW says, "I teach 10th grade and I first ask them what they already know which for many is more than I thought and then we just discuss it."

CharmonaW says, "Yesterday they journaled their thoughts on the subject."

BernieD asks, "Scotty says he takes advantage of the emotional impact of the content and gets them to express it. Does that ever go too far?"

ScottyA asks, "In my experience no. but what is too far?"

CharmonaW says, "that was my question also."

MarcaB [guest] arrives from nowhere.

CharmonaW says, "Many students obviously feel very far from it almost like it was not real."

ScottyA says, "some of the best owrk my students do is when they have feelings about a topic"

ScottyA says, "that's work"

BernieD asks, "I guess it's possible to traumatize kids... or is that no longer possible given the 20000 death scenes they might have seen on TV by age 12?"

CharmonaW exclaims, "good pt. They are immune!"

ScottyA . o O ( If they're gonna be traumatized it's already too late )

PatSi has arrived.

BJB [HelpDesk] has arrived.

My Shadow (recording) has arrived.

BJB drops 2000/27/04 WebQuests and Evil (recording).

BernieD says, "And I've wondered if it's possible for a class session to desensitize kids as well by objectifying horrible events."

julie [guest] says, "for our 4th grade kids it's not too late. We just had 2 shootings in our town and they were very upset"

ElizabethMR says, "Viewing things on TV and experiencing them are very different."

CynthiaM has lost her link.

BernieD says, "Well... let's look at how a number of WebQuest authors have handled questions like these."

BernieD says, "I've lined up 9 WebQuests, and we'll go until we all start weeping."

BernieD asks, "Ready?"

Judi-2 says, "this session will go till 6:30 tonight"

BernieD projects April1.

World Hunger is a problem that exemplifies a grim topic that schools address at some point, though we'd all rather not think about it. Here's a WebQuest for high schoolers designed to take 6-9 class sessions.

BernieD says, "I'm going to project a page now, so don't get startled."

BernieD projects the URL:

http://www.manteno.k12.il.us/drussert/WebQuests/HallOvandoRobinson/INTRO.HTML

Judi-2 says, "let us know if you didn't get it... or if you need help"

BernieD asks, "Take a few minutes to look this over. How well is the topic handled?"

Kerry01 [guest] has arrived.

MarciaE [guest] asks, "What age level is this for?"

BernieD says, "Middle school/ HS, I think."

BernieD says, "Probably middle."

Bruce [guest] has arrived.

BernieD asks, "So... come on back now, well-fed Americans. Is this WebQuest likely to arouse emotions?"

CharmonaW exclaims, "the pictures alone would do!"

Bruce [guest] says, "hello class"

CharmonaW exclaims, "the pictures are so graphic!"

BernieD says, "Welcome, Bruce."

ElizabethMR says, "definitely. I'm motivated to do the project."

BernieD says, "Although kids have seen Sally Struthers and haggard kids a zillion times."

Bruce [guest] says, "I am going to read for awhile and get familiar"

julie [guest] arrives from nowhere.

CharmonaW asks, "is this for a health class?"

ElizabethMR says, "Yes, but this WQ seems to make it personal."

Judy [guest] has arrived.

BernieD says, "Could be health, social studies, current events."

MarciaE [guest] says, "These images stay there longer than the quick shot on TV. They distract from their reading."

BernieD says, "Could be tied to some service learning opportunities."

PatSi says, "It certainly is motivating"

MarcaB [guest] arrives from nowhere.

PatSi says, "I think I would move the process and the collage into the task section though and move the individual questions into the process section."

Chip [guest] arrives from nowhere.

Judi-2 shows talk to Judy [guest].

BernieD says, "I agree with you PatSi."

BernieD says, "It would flow a bit better that way."

PatSi exclaims, "That's good verification. I've been using these with my grad class and I've been emphasizing that for awhile. Glad to hear from the guru that I'm not off the mark!"

ScottyA says, "what about the question of dealing with students emotional responses to this. Not addressed anywhere I noticed."

Bruce [guest] says, "BernieD......I guess I am in the right place? Can you bring me up to speed as to what is going on"

BernieD says, "Hi Bruce. You're from the TEI class? Just stay put and you'll catch up."

Bruce [guest] says, "Okay thanks"

BernieD says, "With the later arrivals... is everyone OK with the projected pages? Anyone having problems>"

CynthiaM has arrived.

BernieD asks, "Scotty... you're right. It's left to the teacher to manage the emotions. How would you do it?"

ElizabethMR exclaims, "Oops!"

DeborahKM says, "I visited the WebQuest on World Hunger, it would be an emotional assignment for many children."

BernieD says, "Or anyone can chime in."

BernieD asks, "Do you focus on what they can do to fight hunger? Do you help them appreciate the full stomachs they have?"

ScottyA says, "I guess I would want them to have a chance to talk about what it would feel like to be hungry or know someone that died of hunger. My earlier ideas would be good ways to get in touch with that."

ScottyA says, "I just wouldn't want any of them to come away from the lesson going 'so what?'"

MarciaE [guest] says, "This whole issue would need to be addressed from emotional and personal side. My school probably want teacher to give advance warning of this assignment to parents, too."

BernieD says, "I suppose it would be a good time to set up some kind of project with a local homeless shelter."

PatSi says, "There certainly would be emotional responses from the students and they should be recognized. However, in their posters they will have an opportunity to use those emotional appeals towards others. I think I'd take the opportunity to contrast that to a way to move towards some solutions."

ScottyA says, "yeah - or collect food to be donated somewhere."

BernieD asks, "The thing I'm most concerned with is what Scotty said: the So What?"

BarryS finds his way in.

BernieD says, "For problems like this that are going on right now, there needs to be some vehicle for them to feel like they're fighting back."

ScottyA says, "The kids I work with might have a tendency to do the so what thing if they don't get closer to it than just the facts"

Laura_B arrives from nowhere.

Laura_B's Recorder follows Laura_B to here.

PatSi says, "Another strategy would be for the collages to be Web pages. Then they could solicit comments from people in agencies dealing with this"

BernieD says, "good idea, PS."

DeborahKM says, "Getting young people involved in soup kitchens can get complicated. They do not want groups volunteering usually."

BernieD says, "Well... let's move from the present to the past... and thereby remove the escape valve of collecting food for the hungry."

BernieD says, "Here's an historical bummer..."

BernieD projects April2.

The Salem Witch Trials provide another topic that shows us at our worst. I've lined up three WebQuests that approach the topic and tie them to other examples of persecution.

BernieD says, "Another projection coming up. Hang on."

BernieD Here's one from the University of Virginia.

BernieD projects the URL:

http://www.people.virginia.edu/~dab7c/edis560/witchcraft/introduction.html

BernieD says, "Spend a few minutes looking it over. Focus on the task and process."

BarryS projects BarryS.

High School Teacher working at Tamalpais High School in Mill Valley, CA.

DeborahKM asks, "Are there any WebQuests on an elementary level that I could look at?"

BernieD says, "We'll have some in the next segment, Deborah."

BernieD asks, "So... is this one emotionally impactful?"

BernieD asks, "Or does it engage the intellect more?"

DeborahKM says, "Thank you."

Sandy [guest] says, "This would be a very sensitive topic in Southwest Missouri."

PatSi says, "Definitely intellectual"

BernieD asks, "Is there a danger to that, or is that what education is for?"

ElizabethMR agrees with PatSi

PatSi asks, "I also don't see this really becoming a team project. With 5 people and 5 papers, the kids are just going to split it up and go their separate ways. I don't see any real incentive for them to work together. Am I missing something?"

BernieD says, "Good observation."

ElizabethMR says, "I thought part of the task was to interrelate the characters which would be challenging."

DeborahKM asks, "After they each do their own parts do they then have a planning session to put it all together and make their presentation?"

Laura_B suddenly disappears.

BernieD says, "The trick will be to really force the synthesis that holds the characters together. That's pretty abstract, even for high school."

CharmonaW says, "That would be the only way it could truly be collaborative. They would have to get together."

DeborahKM waves

DeborahKM has disconnected.

BernieD asks, "But we're playing screenwriting games now with the content. The injustice of the topic seems to be de-emphasized, no?"

PatSi says, "There are steps 8 and 9 which do that, but I just don't see kids focusing on that. By the time they get to those steps they've already done the paper and the putting together would probably be superficial"

ShayneR says, "They do get together to discuss. They are in teams of 5 students, each of which is researching a different character... not five separate teams each researching one character."

Rhonda [guest] says, "Thanks for letting us check this out. Bye for now! :-)"

ScottyA says, "I dont see how this excercise gets students to think about some of the really important parts of what happened at Salem, such as discrimination, violation of due process, and persecution."

CharmonaW says, "I agree Scott."

BernieD says, "It seems to objectify it all to me."

ScottyA says, "researching the characters is not going to get them thinking about that"

ElizabethMR nods

PatSi says, "I agree and I think if they were more focused on the overall presentation that might be avoided"

BernieD says, "Well... on to another treatment of the same content."

BernieD projects April3.

Here's another one with a link to The Crucible and thereby to the McCarthy Era.

BernieD projects the URL:

http://projects.edtech.sandi.net/hoover/crucible/

BernieD asks, "Because the kids will read the play, something designed to engage emotions, this one has a better chance of plucking the heartstrings, no?"

MarciaE [guest] says, "I like the concept of lit. and social studies together to better understand the lit."

ElizabethMR says, "By comparing the Crucible to McCarthyism, it makes the horrors a little more realistic"

BernieD asks, "Or does doing the standard "compare and contrast" suck the life out of it?"

CharmonaW says, "I like the idea of comparing to different topics. You took my thought Elizabeth."

ShayneR says, "well, I like the comparison, but the actual task could be a little more creative, maybe."

ElizabethMR says, "I think the task could be improved-higher order thinking"

ScottyA says, "well, yes. however in looking at the grading criteria and such again it appears to me the major ideas that could be obtained from this study are not emphasized."

CharmonaW says, "Compare and Contrast is a basic but necessary skill."

BernieD asks, "Basic is the key word. What could be done here to go beyond that?"

MarciaE [guest] says, "I is good to see lit related to real period of time."

PatSi says, "For HS kids, the Salem Witch Trials and the McCarthy Era are equally old and dusty. I think there could be better tasks to pull elements of the play out to illustrate events from the McCarthy era"

ShayneR says, "you're right, ScottyA. There's more to it than just comparing and contrasting, and the project doesn't seem to ask kids to go beyond that. But it has great potential."

CharmonaW asks, "How could you go beyond?"

Bruce [guest] waves

MarciaE [guest] says, "Students might do some writing of their own on a period of choice."

BernieD asks, "Could you twist things around to have the kids see things from McCarthy/Puritan perspective?"

CharmonaW says, "good idea, that makes them analyze and step in someone else's shoes."

BernieD asks, "Or have them write a playlet with someone who successfully overturns the persecution before it gets out of hand?"

PatSi says, "It's been a long time since I read the Crucible, but I'll go out on a limb.... I think the task could be to take an individual from the McCarthy era and place him into the play as one of the existing characters. From that they could write an essay explaining his motivation and actions."

ShayneR says, "I like that idea, Bernie. Or have agents Sculley and Muldaur investigate it as an X-File :-)"

BernieD asks, "Or create a poem with alternating stanzas describing the parallels in the two settings?"

ElizabethMR says, "cool"

CharmonaW exclaims, "You all are too creative for me! You guys are good!"

BernieD says, "Or write a diary from the point of view of someone there and then."

BernieD says, "Let's do one more, quickly, on this topic."

BernieD projects April4.

And here's yet another, this one from Wisconsin.

BernieD projects the URL:

http://www.cesa8.k12.wi.us/it/webquests/crucible/index.html

SueMR has arrived.

Sue's Recorder (recording) has arrived.

PatSi exclaims, "You've roped us in, Bernie!"

BernieD asks, "This one seems more open to creativity, no?"

PatSi says, "And much more likely to both elicit the kinds of higher order thinking the other was trying to get at and open the door to extended thoughts on the topics"

BernieD asks, "is bj here?"

BJB [HelpDesk] nods and waves

ScottyA says, "can someone whisper me that url - I got disconnected"

BernieD asks, "Any comments on this one?"

BJB [HelpDesk] shows ScottyA the URL:

http://www.cesa8.k12.wi.us/it/webquests/crucible/index.html

PatSi says, "The last one seems to be more bent on getting the historical facts of both eras out and this one seems to be more meant to get a good historical play produced. However, this one would seem to get the first goal done better also"

BernieD says, "I like the way it encourages kids to abstract the basic elements of persecution. That's a cognitive thang. But the fact that they have to put it in play form makes it possible to engage the heart, too."

BernieD asks, "Anyone else?"

ShayneR says, "I'd like to see something that would tie the historical research in a little more with the play the students are writing-- maybe even just having them explain which historical incident they based their play on..."

BernieD says, "Good idea."

BernieD asks, "Are we too bummed out to go on?"

ShayneR says, "no, bum us out totally, Bernie"

PatSi says, "Yes, there seems to be a balancing act between the historical info and the language arts skills"

BernieD says, "Agreed, PatSi. Depends on who's teaching it, I guess."

PatSi asks, "Have you found something even more depressing?"

BernieD says, "OK... and now a more elementary/middle school topic."

BernieD projects April5.

PattiK_WQ [guest] arrives from nowhere.

CynthiaM has disconnected.

BernieD says, "welcome patti. Watch out for your browser to change right now."

This first WebQuest is the simplest of the three.

BernieD projects the URL:

http://www.plainfield.k12.in.us/hschool/webq/webq11/afrank.htm

ElizabethMR says, "where is the collaboration? This seems like an assignment page."

BernieD says, "Lot's of 404's here, but you get the picture."

PatSi asks, "Where's the questness?"

BernieD says, "Agreed, Elizabeth. This is an early WebQuest with serial tasklets instead of a central task that drives it all."

CharmonaW asks, "do most wq have to be collaborative? But where is the quest?"

PatSi says, "You are setting us up again, aren't you? ;-)"

BernieD says, "Most are, at least partly because kids don't come to school yet with a computer in their backpack."

BernieD says, "Ok... let's look at a second stab at the topic..."

BernieD projects April6.

Here's a second Ann Frank WebQuest developed in South Carolina.

BernieD projects the URL:

http://www.spa3.k12.sc.us/WebQuests/Anne%20Frank/index.html

ScottyA has lost his link.

BernieD asks, "Do we like this one any better?"

MarciaE [guest] says, "Still list of assignments. Not much synthesis."

BernieD says, "D'accord."

PatSi says, "Prettier and closer. I get the feeling with just one more push this one could get over the hill."

DebbieB says, "but appropriate for mini-quest- 3 days"

PatSi says, "It seems like the teacher had the synthesis idea in his or her head but didn't trust the Quest to carry it"

ElizabethMR says, "I think it would be hard to have allthese assingments done well in 3 days"

BernieD says, "OK... one more."

BernieD projects April7.

And one from Florida State.

BernieD projects the URL:

http://www.fsu.edu/~CandI/ENGLISH/fsuwebquest3/annef.htm

BernieD asks, "OK... come on back, now. What do you think?"

PatSi says, "It's an awful lot of answer the next question."

BernieD says, "That's mostly as preparation for Task 2, I think. That's where the heart of it is."

PatSi says, "That's what I thought, Bernie, but then Task 2 takes you question by question again."

CharmonaW asks, "what I am learning is that a true wq must tie it all together, right?"

ElizabethMR says, "This doesn't have to do with content but I thought the format, colors, font, etc was hard to read."

BernieD exclaims, "The instructor for this course is in his early 20s. The quests that come out of his class are very artistic like this but hard to read if you're over 40!"

ElizabethMR exclaims, "I'm only 28!"

BernieD exclaims, "Sorry!"

ElizabethMR laughs

PatSi says, "The material he presents provides a great breadth of material but there's not much room for the kids to synthesize the information"

PatSi asks, "So what is your take on all of these Bernie?"

BernieD says, "Like the other two Anne Frank quests, this one is a series of activities. I think it comes closer, though to getting kids emotionally engaged as well as knowledgeable."

ShayneR exclaims, "I like the section on David Olere's art. I'd like to see students be able to get the background info they need to do that section some other way than by answering all those questions!"

BernieD says, "I wish there was more of a synthesis, but I like the opportunity for creativity it affords at the end."

BernieD says, "The very end... after all the Q&A."

BernieD says, "Well... we're almost out of time, even though we have had an extra 30 minutes."

BernieD asks, "I see that we lost a bunch of folks. Should we go back to 60 minutes next month?"

PatSi asks, "Is this a monthly session?"

BernieD says, "(silly, of course, to ask that question to those who stuck it out.)"

ShayneR says, "60 minutes goes by so fast. I like the extra half hour."

BJB says, "We can talk about it in email, Bernie."

ElizabethMR says, "Its a long night for east coasters but it would have been hard to do in an hour"

BernieD says, "Yes, Pat.. this is the 6th or 7th one."

BJB [to Pat]: "yes, this is a monthly gift of Bernie's!"

MarciaE [guest] says, "I had trouble looking at so many things quickly."

PatSi exclaims, "Sorry I missed so many others!"

BJB says, "there are archived transcripts filed here, Pat."

BernieD says, "The transcripts are on the WebQuest page so that you can read it again more slowly."

PatSi exclaims, "Guess I'll be up even later, here on the East Coast!"

PatSi asks, "On your WQ page, Bernie?"

Judi-2 [to MarciaE [guest]]: "if you say your email we can send you a transcript"

BernieD says, "Yes Pat."

Judi-2 says, "then you can go over things at your leisure Marcia"

Judi-2 . o O ( or look at Bernie's site )

BernieD projects the URL:

http://webquest.sdsu.edu/community.html

BJB exclaims, "thanks again for a thought provoking evening, Bernie. Thank you to all the participants, too!"

Judi-2 smiles

Judi-2 [to Bernie]: "thank you much for the wonderful session."

ElizabethMR [to Bernie]: "Thank you!"

BernieD says, "Thanks to everyone for the great insights. Hope to see you again."

PatSi says, "Thanks, Bernie. This was enlightening both in terms of the content and the presentation."

SharonPJ waves

SharonPJ says, "Thanks, ALL"

CharmonaW exclaims, "Thanks Bernie!"

ShayneR exclaims, "Thanks Bernie. "night all!"

BernieD says, "Good night."

PatSi exclaims, "Good night!"

BernieD has disconnected.